Process and apparatus for performing thermic processes of any kind



is 19, 1923.v

' A.- HIORTH PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR PERFORMING THERMIC PROCESSES OF ANY KIND Filed Oct; 1 1920 Patented June 19, 1923..

UNHE

TATESEPA.

ALBERT HIORTH, or ASKER, NEAR onnlsrrama, NORWAY.

PROCESS AND APPARATUSFOR PERFORMING THEIR/MIC PROCESSES OF"ANY KIND.

Application filed October 8, 1920. Seria1'No.415,649.

T0 (ZZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALBnn'rHIoRTH, a'sub-J ject of the King of Norway, residing at Asker, near Christiania, Norway, have .1n-

vented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes and Apparatus for Performing Thermic Processes of Any Kind, and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention,

such as will enable others skilled inthe art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had tothe accompanying drawings, andto letters or. figures of reference marked thereon, which form a1 part of this specification.

My invention relates to meansfor performing thermic processes of any kind especiallysuch process in which materials in form of powder and ofsmall or large pieces are treated at a not very high temperature in a reducing or neutralatmosphere or where gases are treated which under catalytic action combine with each other or with solid materials present. The new process may be carried out by means of so-called producers (furnaces of the gas generator type) and my invention comprises arrangements of these furnaces by which they. are made suitable for the carrying out the process. The process may also find suitable use in the dry distillation of materials more or less hydrous.

The invention 1s suitably carried out in a producer by introducing coal or carbonaceous material at the top this material sinks evenly through a current of air coming from I the lower part of the furnace and causes a Referring to the drawings in which like parts are similarly designated- Figure 1 is a'vertical sectional View of a producer in which the process is'carried out. Fig. 2 is a similar view of a modification. Fig. 3 is a vertical section of a producer .discharging product and ash at the same point.

Fig. l is a vertical section showing a producer discharging product through an exterior elevatedgrate.

The function of an apparatus of this kind may be illustrated as diagrammatically shown in Fig. 1.- The coal or other fuel is introduced at the top through the hopper A and the air enters the furnace at its lowest pointthroughB. The ashes are discharged at (1- The raw material (we may for instance suppose it to be limestone) is intro- .ducedat Dland is during its. way down through the furnace, as indicated by arrows,

Eur once.

'70 exposed to the action of the gas in the furnacethe temperaturebeing regulatedto suit the process in question. E are the discharge openings for taking out the resulting product. These opemngs are arranged at such distance below the lower end of the coal hopper, that the-product automatically is led to the :discharge openings E, following the natural slope formedby, the coal orother fuel.

, Figs. 2 and 3 show two other? forms for ment Fig. 2,.the fuel and the material is introduced through the same top; openingA,

the latterbeing made so wide, that it is easy tofill in the raw material in such a way, i that it will. lie between a core of fuel and the walls of'the furnace. The resulting product is. taken out through an annular opening F between the upper stationaryand.

thelower rotary part of the furnace. From thisjopeningv the product enters a space G where it is cooled and whence iti-may be taken out through the openings H. I isa water-trap and B is the grate.

Fig. 3 shows an arrangement in which the product treated passes down to the grate of the furnace and discharges through an an nular opening K together with the ashes. Said opening is arranged at a suitable distance from the opening for introducing air.

In the apparatus now described it is supposed, that the raw material is caused to pass through the furnace outside of the fuel. But it is also possible to form a. core of the raw material within acolumn of fuel surrounding the same.

The invention may also be carried out in a furnace, the upper part of which has greator width. than the lower part, that is to say,

. such apparatusAccording to the arranges the upper part of the furnace projects outside of that part of the furnace through which the fuel or the inner column of material passes. The raw material in this case rests on aseparate grate or bottom at a higher level and through this grate the resulting product may be removed. A diagram of the furnace of this kind is shown in Fig. at showing one half of the furnace.

A is the opening for introducing fuel and D is the opening for introducing raw material. C and E are grates through which the ashes and the resulting product are respectively removed. F is a pipe for leading off the gas formed in the furnace. As men-' tioned the figure only shows one half of the furnace, when carried out practically, the

de'oxydation, calcination, dehydrating, etc.

The process can be used for the productionof lime, for hardening'of metal articles, etc.

If the apparatus is used for reactions between two or more gases and a catalyzer is used, the latter is introduced through the same hopper through which the raw material is introduced, the gases being suitably carried in counter current against the catalyzer.

I claim:

1. The method of effecting thermic reactions, which comprises feeding contacting columns of solid fuel and material to be treated, allowing the material to follow the natural talus of the fuel to points of discharge and thereafter permitting the ash to descend alone in a column of greater cross-sectional area below said points of material discharge.

2. The method of effecting thermic reactions, which comprises feeding solid fuel and material to be treated in non-contacting columns,- thereafter allowing them to contact, discharging the material at the talus of the fuel at the side of the material column and causing the ash to descend alone in a column of enlarged. cross-section below said points of discharge.

3. The method of effecting thermic reactions, which comprises feeding solid fuel and material to be treated to form concentric columns, allowing said columns to contact during their descent, discharging the material at its sides at the end of the-talus of the fuel below the contacting point, and thereafter causing the ash to'descend below the level of discharge of the material in a column of greater cross-sectional area.

i. The method of effecting thermic reactions, which comprises vertically feeding contacting concentric columns of fuel and material, w1th the fuel atthe centre, and

maintaining the outer column of material being burnt shorter than the interior column of fuel, and discharging the column at different levels.

5. In a shaft furnace of the producer ty e, an internal, substantially central, fuel chamber, a substantially concentric external chamber for the material to be heated, said chambers merging at a lower level to cause concentric contacting material supporting columns, means to separately charge said chambers, means to permit the discharge of the'outer column of material at a level above the zone of highest temperature, and means to permit the discharge of the central column as ash at a point below the zone of highest temperature.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention, I have signed my name in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ALBERT mourn.

lVitnesses:

O. RAUNDAL, JOHN KRAMME. 

